All children, normal and abnormal , progressing from helplessness in infancy to independence of maturity, have certain physical needs without which life itself cannot continue , such devided into physical and psychological needs.

Physical needs: Shelter and protective care ,Food , Warmth and clothing , Fresh air and sunlight , Activity and rest , Prevention of illness and injury , Training in habits and skills necessary for the maintenance of life.

Psychological needs : Affection and continuity of individual care , Opportunity to learn from experience Opportunity to achieve success and independence Opportunity to take responsibility Please explain Body growth and change of a child .

During the pre-school years , both boys and girls slim down as the trunk of their bodies lengthens.

Growth patterns vary individually. One of the most important physical developments during early childhood is the continuing development of the brain and nerves system.

The run and jump will win no Olympic gold medals , but for the three- years old , the activity is a source of considerable pride and accomplishment.

At the age of four , children are still enjoying the same kind of activities , but they have become more adventurous.Five year olds run hard, enjoy races with each other and their parents.

* Nutrition

* Health

* Exercise

* Rest and sleep

* Size of the family

* Economic level of family

* Spacing between children

* Living conditions

A child’s physical development has an effect on the child’s language development. What have you to say on this?

There is a direct influence of the hearing ability and the expansion of the vocabulary of young children. Children who are hard of hearing generally turn their heads towards the speaker. Children learn to speak a lot of words that they hear.

Therefore before reading or while reading a teacher should understand whether the child

* can hear and see properly

* free from speech defects

* his health satisfactory

* Any comments of significance on the medical record

* Understand oral instructions and carry them out

* Can re – tell a story

* Co-operate reasonably with others

* Shows signs of wanting to learn to read What are the most suitable activities for the pre – school child development?

*Use of release subjects - Art/crafts/music/movement

* Imaginative play

* Educational walks and visits

* Development of four vocabularies of the child : hearing/speaking/reading/writing

* Hearing and speaking : Telling stories, rhymes , poetry , giving instructions ,playing games ,dressing up , sorting and matching by colour/ shape/size in various nmaterials , outside games.

* Reading : Through picture books / flashcards / story books

* Writing : Pictures and patterns with finger and brush paints Pencil on paper , drawing story in pictures , tracing pictures

What should the pre-school do towards the pre-school child?

* Help the child to fit into the school society

* Socialize

* Encourage language development

* Train the child in good habits necessary for healthy living

* Give practical experience of life

* Encourage independent learning

* Help the child to learn things step by step

* Help the child to develop concentration

* Encourage a positive attitude to learning

* Help the child develop memory skills

What are the techniques used for behaviour problems?

First ignore such misbehaviour. When the child stops the action pay attention to him , immediately but if a child does hurting himself or another , bad language or destroying property , it should be stopped at once. Talk to the child in a firm concerned voice and explain what is wrong with the behaviour.

As a teacher , if you had to organize a campaign to promote cleanliness and good habits in children , what steps would you take?

Anything that is started early has more chances of making an impact on the child’s mind , and also more chances of being retained for a longer period of time. Therefore it is important to teach good health habits while they are still young.

Personal cleanliness : Ear and nose , nails , body . hands , private areas of the body .

Cleanliness of clothing

Cleanliness of the environment

It is important for a teacher to have a thorough knowledge about the role of the teacher. Isn’t it ?

Firstly , a successful teacher must possess a healthy attitude to life. She must be a person with self determination who is able to be dedicated to the personality development of the child who is in a very impressionable stage in life and is able to act without delay. She must possess a flexible nature.

And also :

* She should be a model for imitation and character building

* She must be an emotionally steady person

* She must have a conviction that every child is a valuable resource

* Must understand a total child

* Must guide the child

* She must be a symbol of social and moral values

* Must be a friend to the child and must help the child overcome backwardness

* She is responsible for providing security and protection in the school environment.

* She must have an open and lively mind

* She must have patience and help slow learners

* She must have qualities of leadership

* She must have the power to make decisions

* A teacher must be honest and understanding

* A teacher must not become too attached to particular children

* A good teacher should enjoy her work and share her happiness with the children

How can we make our homes and schools a safe environment for the child?

As teachers , parents and caretakers , it is important for us to understand a child’s motives of activity. If the child is prevented by interference and discouragement from carrying out the work that is necessary to his inner development , his personality will remain in an unfinished state disorganized. It is important to provide guidance in a culturally rich environment , bearing in mind the natural forces of growth in a child.

Since it is the first time that the child leaves home to be away in a different environment – there should be mutual understanding of the child’s needs and problems that he has to face in adjusting to school. Am I correct?

The parent – teacher co-operation here is very essential. The joint effort to make the pre-school a pleasant place for the child through explaining to the parents the responsibility , importance for parents to know what is going on in the pre-school before making demands on teaching reading and writing, explain the programme of work that will be done in school , exhibit work of previous batches , getting the talented parents involve in school activities.

You mentioned that the parents have to share the responsibility of helping a child to develop in all aspects. What sort of a training and parential guidance before school is needed to a pre-school child?

* Training the child to a routine of activities at home , before he leaves for school

* Training the child to regular meal times

* Training the child to eat alone

* Toilet training before schooling

* Check cleanliness of teeth , finger nails , hair , etc. before they are sent to school in the morning

* Training the child to be away from the mother a few hours a day

* A mother should introduce her child to other children and encourage to play with them.

What sort of a conclusion you can give towards child development.

The child is working to create the adult , the man that is to be.

Allow the child to be creative , enabling him to learn through sensory exploration the world around him.

LESSONS FROM LIFE

A child that lives with patience : learns to be tolerant

A child that lives with knowledge : learns wisdom

A child that lives with sharing : learn to be considerate

A child that lives learn with praise : learns to appreciate

A child that lives with truth : learns justice

A child that lives with encouragement : learns confidence

A child that lives with affection : learns to love

A child that lives with happiness : will find love and beauty.